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Spring Birding

By |2023-03-05T19:00:13-05:00March 4th, 2023|Uncategorized|

By Donny Moore

Now is the time to start thinking about Spring birds. Although we have likely had a few early birds return to the area due to the mild winter, the Spring birding season starts in March.

Some of you readers may have been at my presentation about birding in the water treatment facilities and heard about the diversity that can be encountered there. Well this is a great time to start checking them out. Locally Essex has the most open site to explore with a parking lot just of hwy 3 (due to recent construction it is a little harder to get there). Harrow lagoons has a permit allowance which is open to members of the Field Nats. I have worked with the water treatment management company to gain this access. Some guidelines can be obtained from the Field Nats about the expectations of those who wish to go there. At the time of writing some work is being carried out in there and we should not enter. Rule of thumb would be if you see heavy equipment in there, do not enter.

Left to right: Scaup, Bufflehead and Blue-winged Teal. Photos D. Moore

Getting that out of the way though leads me to say these areas are a great place to welcome back many waterfowl species. Geese, ducks and swans will use these areas throughout the winter depending on open water levels. Typically you will see lots of migrant Canada Geese, Tundra Swans and lots of dabbling ducks. These numbers will start to change going through March as they make their way back to breeding grounds. As they leave many other species start to arrive. Killdeer will be seen and heard, Yellowlegs will appear and also then many duck species. Expect to see increasing numbers of Northern Shoveller, Bufflehead, Scaup, Ring-necked, Pintail, Gadwall, Wigeon, Teal and Black ducks.

As we move through Spring more waders will show up too. Usually a bit more difficult to ID, it’s best to be prepared with good optics. I would almost suggest that Harrow lagoons can not be fully appreciated without a scope. Saying that, I do not wish to deter anyone from going to look at what can be readily enjoyed with binoculars.

Red-winged Blackbirds on February 18 (D.Moore)

More and more Songbirds will be arriving during this time too and you will note the change in behaviour with your feeder birds. The community that is enjoyed by the “birds of a feather” will start to change to the more aggressive, breeding mode. The chips calls you have heard all winter will be changing to full songs and birds will be staking out territory and mating. As you look around on your commutes, you will see Redwinged Blackbirds perched high at the tops of Phragmite, shrubs, small trees, fence posts and hydro poles. The males will sing for about 3 weeks before females start to arrive to see what impresses them.

Robin’s will be poking around the yard hoping the worms are coming up in the soft spring earth. Starlings and House Sparrows, will be getting down to it both in nest building and mating.

As the appeal to go to the birding Mecca of Point Pelee increases during this time, I would encourage you all to try and put some extra effort into finding your own “patch”. Somewhere close to home that you can start to see and appreciate the birds that are in your area. I assure you that if enough of us are doing “patch work” more interesting information about birds in Essex county will arise. Also we will start to record many more rarities as these birds can turn up anywhere at anytime and if we are all just checking out the same spot, more will be missed than recorded. So wether it’s your local treed park or municipal water treatment area, get out there and enjoy the freshness of spring and all that it brings.

Please also if anywhere seems to be private property seek permission. This could be from private landowners, local municipality or management company.

You can always get in touch with me or follow along on my musings on Facebook

@donnymoorephotography

Killdeer, American Robin and Lesser Yellowlegs (D.Moore)

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SUMMARY OF ESSEX COUNTY’S 2022 BIRD CHECKLIST

By |2023-03-05T19:39:15-05:00March 4th, 2023|Uncategorized|

304 species –

By Cameron Chevalier

2022 proved to be an exceptional year for birding in Essex County. The 304 species recorded in the county constitutes the highest county total ever recorded and the highest total for any single county in a year for the province of Ontario. The previous record (both county and provincial) of 301 species was set in 2005. Almost 23,000 checklists were submitted to eBird this year for Essex, along with over 20,000 photos, almost 200 audio recordings, and 42 videos. The names of 92 unique observers appear in this summary, though dozens of other birders also made significant contributions to the 2022 list (see also the Top 100 for species and checklists).

To keep this report succinct, not all notable records of the year are given a full write-up below. There are a few known records pending decision by the Essex eBird Regional Review team which could increase the year total. The complete checklist to all accepted species observed in the county, with early and late dates and high counts for all notable species, can be found HERE and is also linked at the end.

It must be noted that this summary is constructed almost exclusively from eBird data. Future access to Alan Wormington’s meticulously maintained records for the Point Pelee Birding Area could prove invaluable in ensuring the accuracy of this and future summaries for Pelee and Essex. Without Alan’s notes, I am fairly certain there will be a few errors or missed records in this document. A number of records are also listed with “unknown finder”, an issue that I am hoping to correct by sharing this summary. If you have information or documentation pertaining to any of these types of discrepancies, please contact me at or message me privately on Discord (Cameronkeith#2649) from the Ontario Bird Alert server.

NOTABLE MISSES:

Ross’s Goose – first year missed since 2010

Glossy Ibis – first year missed since 2019

Cave Swallow – many provincial records but no county record in 2022

RECORD BREAKERS: * pending

PROVINCIAL/NATIONAL

Wood Stork – highest count (10-12) – Cherise Charron/Sarah Rupert

Little Blue Heron – highest Essex count by one/ties highest Ontario count (3) – Sumiko Onishi

*Chihuahuan Meadowlark – first record for Canada – Michael McAllister/Harrison Priebe

REGIONAL (COUNTY)

American White Pelican – highest count by 11 (133) – Known colony

Green Heron – latest record by 31 days (Dec 8) – Jim Hunt

Black Vulture – earliest record by 20 days (Feb 28) – Donny Moore

Gyrfalcon – earliest fall record by 38 days – M. McAllister/Cameron Chevalier

Sandhill Crane – highest count by 40 (540) – Jeremy Hatt

Spotted Sandpiper – earliest spring record by three days (Apr 10) – Alessandra Wilcox

Willet – latest record by 40 days (Oct 30 to Nov 2) – Jeremy Bensette

Upland Sandpiper – latest record by two days, fourth-latest in Ontario (Oct 1) – Jacob Stasso

Whimbrel – high count by 25 (400) – Brandon Holden

Marbled Godwit – earliest spring record by three days (Apr 10) – Kelly Moore/Heidi Staniforth

Lesser Black-backed Gull – highest count by 37 (96) – J. Hatt

Glaucous-winged Gull (hybrid) – first record – B. Holden

Parasitic Jaeger – highest count by one (6) – M. McAllister

Yellow-billed Cuckoo – earliest record by five days (Apr 22) – Aldo Bertucci/Peter Veighey

Common Nighthawk – latest fall records by two days (Oct 23) – HBMO, Andrew Campbell/Laura Foy

Willow Flycatcher – earliest record by two days (Apr 30) – J. Hatt

Tropical Kingbird – first record – Eddy Beaubien

Common Raven – earliest record by 83 days (Jan 1) – Ian Woodfield

Tennessee Warbler – earliest record by two days (Apr 23) – Simon Boudreault/A. Wilcox

Bay-breasted Warbler – earliest spring record by four days (Apr 23) – S. Boudreault/A. Wilcox and highest count (800) – Alvan Buckley

Black-and-white Warbler – earliest spring record by nine days (Apr 3) – Riley Beach/Ryland Corchis-Scott

Northern Waterthrush – latest record by 34 days (Dec 17) – Keith Burk/Jim Burk

Yellow-breasted Chat – latest record by one day (Oct 7) – Lev Frid

Indigo Bunting – earliest spring record by 17 days (Apr 7) – Robert Tymstra

Baltimore Oriole – latest record by 4 days (Dec 20) – unknown finder

TRUE RARITIES: * = OBRC Review Species (total: 15)

*Black-bellied Whistling Duck (2-3)

April 27 – five adults, Hillman Marsh Cons. Area [HMCA] (found by P. Veighey, m.obs.)

April 29 – one adult, Tip, Point Pelee National Park [PPNP] (found by C. Charron)

April 30 – two adults, Holiday Beach Cons. Area [HBCA] (found by Bama Pelan, m.obs.)

*Green-winged Teal (Eurasian) (1)

April 16 – one male, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by Blake Mann, m.obs.)

*Tufted Duck (1)

April 29 – one adult male, West Beach, PPNP (found by Michel Gauthier, m.obs.)

– Strong candidate for Essex County’s best bird of the year. A one-day wonder and only the third record for the county.

*Neotropic Cormorant (2)

May 26 – one, Seacliff Park, Leamington (found by B. Holden)

July 5 to 9 – one, Detroit River, Amherstburg (found by B. Holden, m.obs.)

*Wood Stork (1)

August 31 to September 1 – up to twelve, Visitor’s Centre and DeLaurier Homestead, PPNP (found independently by C. Charron and S. Rupert, seen by Sarah McAllister)

– Another strong contender for Essex County’s best record this year. This constitutes the third record of this species for the county, and the highest count for the province.

*Magnificent Frigatebird (1)

October 8 to 9 – one adult male, Lighthouse Cove (found by Shawn McLaughlin, refound by D. Moore, m.obs.)

– This individual was later euthanized due to illness. This marks the third Magnificent Frigatebird in Essex, with the first being in 2017.

*Little Blue Heron (2)

May 17 – one adult, Tip, PPNP (found by Kiah Jasper, m.obs.)

August 10 to 11 – three juv., Fish Point, Pelee Island (found by S. Onishi)

– This is the highest count of this species for Essex and ties the record-high count for  the province, a Middlesex record from 92 years and 1 day earlier!

*White-faced Ibis (1)

May 5 – one adult, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by Denise Potter, m.obs.)

Gyrfalcon (2)

February 6 – one, Amherstburg, general location (found by Rob Wiper)

November 19 – one adult gray morph, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and C. Chevalier, seen by Fred Grenier)

– The November record is the earliest ever fall/winter migration record for Essex by an astounding 38 days, and the first for the Pelee area since 2015.

*Black-necked Stilt (2)

May 11 – one, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (unknown finder, m.obs.)

June 5 – two, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by Wally Simpson, m.obs.)

Ruff (1) – first since 2013

May 31 to June 4 – one adult female, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by B. Holden, m.obs.)

*Chuck-will’s-widow (1)

May 17 – one, Dunes, PPNP (found by Deane/Dawn Atherton)

– The finders of this bird managed to capture exceptional recordings of it vocalizing at dusk (see https://macaulaylibrary.org/asset/450452771)

*Tropical Kingbird (1) –

October 10 to November 14 – one, Brock Park and Mill Park, Windsor (found by E. Beaubien, m.obs.)

– The bird of the year for the county, and a new addition to the county checklist! It also allowed Kiah Jasper to officially break the Ontario Big Year record with 345 species.

*Bell’s Vireo (1) – possible second record pending review

May 12 – one, White Pine, PPNP (found by Bas, Han, Ruud, m.obs.)

– Suggested as possible “Western” Bell’s Vireo, pending review (see media)

*(Cassin’s/Plumbeous) “Solitary” Vireo (1) – pending OBRC review

May 10 – one, Kopegaron Woods Cons. Area, Leamington (found by C. Charron)

*Swainson’s Warbler (1)

May 13 – one banded, Fish Point, Pelee Island

*Dark-eyed Junco (Gray–headed) (1)

July 12 – one, Tilden Woods Trail, PPNP (found by Jamie Fowler)

– This bizarre occurrence is the second county record of this western subspecies.

NOTABLE RECORDS:

Eurasian Wigeon (1-2)

March 20 – one adult male, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by B. Mann, m.obs.)

April 8 – one adult male [possibly same], Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by C. Chevalier, m.obs.)

King Eider (1)

December 19 – one female, East Beach, PPNP (found by M. McAllister)

Pacific Loon (1)

November 12 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and C. Chevalier) and one [presumed same], East Beach Road, Leamington (found by J. Bensette)

Red-necked Grebe (6)

March 24 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by K. Burk)

October 20 – two, Tip, PPNP (found by K. Burk and C. Chevalier, seen by M. McAllister and H. Priebe)

October 22 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Chevalier and H. Priebe)

October 29 – two, Tip and Sparrow Field, PPNP (found by C. Chevalier, seen by J. Stasso and Mike St Pierre)

October 30 – two, Tip, PPNP (found by J. Stasso)

November 8 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Chevalier)

– An impressive year for this challenging Essex species. 2022 had the most records in a single year since the exceptional year of 2014 when there were 20+ records.

Snowy Egret (1)

May 3 to 8 – one adult, HMCA and area, Leamington (found by Dana Latour, m.obs.)

Black Vulture (<10) – most records in a year for Essex

February 28 – one, Concession Road 3, Harrow (found by D. Moore, m.obs.)

March 20 – one, Visitor’s Centre, PPNP (found by Natasha Barlow, Andrew Wiebe, m.obs.)

April 5 – one, Arner Townline, Harrow (found by Dave Martin and Linda Wladarski)

April 14 – one, PPNP and area (found/seen by B. Holden, Michael Nelson, and J. Stasso)

April 27 – one, Erie Street South, Leamington (found by Daniel Daugherty)

May 1 – one, County Road 23, Kingsville (found by Dan/Samantha Nauta)

May 15 – one, Concession Road 8, Amherstburg (found by J. Hunt)

May 16 – one, Mersea Rd E, Leamington (found by Rick Mayos, m.obs.)

May 20 – one, HMCA (found by Kevin Seymour and Greg Stuart)

May 21 – one, Robson Road, Leamington (found by Diane Naluzny)

Mississippi Kite (3+) Photo: M. McAllister

May 12 – one adult, Fish Point, Pelee Island (found by Joshua Vandermeulen, m.obs.)

May 13 – one, Spring Garden Natural Area, Windsor (found by A./Kara Wiebe)

May 13 to 17 – one, PPNP (unknown finder, m.obs.)

May 21 – one, Woodland Nature Trail, PPNP (found by William Konze) and HMCA (found by Chris Burris – presumably same)

Northern Goshawk (5)

January 2 – one adult, Onion Fields, Leamington (found by Catriona/Elizabeth/Michael Leven)

October 29 – one, Hawk Tower, HBCA (found by HBMO)

October 29 to 31 – one imm., PPNP (found by C. Chevalier, m.obs.)

November 1 – one, Hawk Tower, HBCA (found by HBMO)

November 1 – one imm., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, m.obs.)

King Rail (2)

May 16 – one, deceased on the road, West Shore Road, Pelee Island (found by Martin Parker)

May 24 – one, Pelee Island, general location (found by Riley Walsh)

Piping Plover (3)

April 23 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by J. Burk)

April 25 – one, Fish Point, Pelee Island (found by S. Boudreault and A. Wilcox)

September 21 to October 6 – one unbanded juv., Tip, PPNP (found by C. Charron and shared to broader community by Zheng Dong Fan, m.obs.)

Red Knot (3)

May 28 – one adult, East Beach at Sparrow Field, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and C.

Chevalier, m.obs.) and one adult [presumed same], East Beach at Shuster Trail, PPNP (found by

Brett Groves, Vicki McKay, and Steve Pike)

August 24 to 26 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by C. Chevalier and M. McAllister, m.obs.)

August 26 – one, West Cranberry Pond, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and C. Chevalier)

Western Sandpiper (1)

April 21 to 23 – two, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by Chris Gaffan and J. Bensette, m.obs.)

Purple Sandpiper (1)

November 14 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by Connie/F. Grenier)

Red-necked Phalarope (4)

August 18 to 19 – one juv., Mettawas Park, Kingsville (found by John Barnes, seen by Leon Barlow)

August 24 – two, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Chevalier and J. Stasso)

September 2 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and C. Chevalier)

September 14 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister)

Red Phalarope (2)

September 25 – one juv., Sleepy Hollow Beach, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, m.obs.)

October 23 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by M./S. McAllister)

Laughing Gull (4) Photo: W. Konze (far right)

May 15 – one juv., Tip, PPNP (found by Liam Thorne, m.obs.)

May 16 – one adult, Tip, PPNP (unknown finder, m.obs.)

May 30 – one juv., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Charron, S. Pike, P. Veighey)

October 7 – one juv., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister)

Franklin’s Gull (2)

April 27 – one adult, Shorebird Cell, HMCA (found by J. Stasso and C. Chevalier, m.obs.)

August 20 – one first-year, Mettawas Park, Kingsville (found by J. Hatt, m.obs.)

*Glaucous-winged Gull hybrid (1)

April 26 – one fourth-year, Wheatley Harbour (found by B. Holden, seen by S. Pike)

– Possible Olympic Gull according to finder B. Holden. First record of a Glaucous–winged Gull hybrid of any kind for Essex.

Sabine’s Gull (2)

September 3 – one juv., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Chevalier and J. Hatt)

September 11 – one juv., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Chevalier and Ben Lucking)

Black-legged Kittiwake (2)

December 4 to 5 – one juv., Detroit River, Windsor (found by Karl Overman, m.obs.)

December 19 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by K. Burk, seen by P. Pratt)

Pomarine Jaeger (1)

November 4 – one imm., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and K. Burk)

Parasitic Jaeger (4)

August 29 – 1 subadult intermediate morph, Tip, PPNP (found by C. Chevalier, seen by M. McAllister and Bryan Vroom)

September 14 – 6 individuals, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister)

– This is the highest count ever for Essex, beating a previous three-way tie at 5

September 30 – 1 light morph individual, Tip, PPNP (found by M. St Pierre)

October 13 – one juv., Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and C. Chevalier)

Long-tailed Jaeger (1)

August 20 – one adult, Tip, PPNP (found by M. McAllister, seen by C. Chevalier)

– This was the earliest Long-tailed Jaeger record in Ontario, and in fact for inland North America, in 2022

Upland Sandpiper (10) Photo: D. Moore

April 25 – two, Florian Diamante Nature Reserve, Pelee Island (found by S. Boudreault and A. Wilcox)

May 27 – one, Marianne Girling Nature Reserve, Harrow (found by P. Pratt)

May 29 – one, Lakeshore Rd 309, Comber (found by J. Hatt, seen by M. St Pierre)

June 21 – one, Harrow Sewage Lagoons, Harrow (found by D. Moore, seen by M./S. McAllister)

August 6 – two, Mersea Rd C, Leamington (found by C. Chevalier)

August 6 to 7 – one, Harrow Sewage Lagoons, Harrow (found by D. Moore, seen by J. Stasso)

August 9 – one, Cactus Field, PPNP (found by Mike Austin)

August 13 – two, Shuster Trail, PPNP (found by M. Austin)

August 13 – one, East Beach Road, Leamington (found by J. Bensette and Kate Derbyshire)

October 1 – one, Point Pelee North Dyke, Leamington (found by J. Stasso)

– This marks the most records in a year since 1989 (which had 11), the first record(s) of multiple individuals since 2011, and the first spring records since 2018. The October 1 record is the latest ever for Essex (by two days) and the fourth latest for the province.

Pileated Woodpecker (3-5)

April 16 – one, HBCA (found by Kory Renaud, m.obs.)

April 16 to May 18 – one, PPNP (found by B. Mann, m.obs.)

May 8 – one, Devonwood Cons. Area, Windsor (unknown finder – photo)

May 19 – one, Cedar Creek Cons. Area (found by Branden Lunansky, seen by Mark Nenadov)

December 17 – one, Cedar Creek, general area (found by J. Burk)

Fish Crow (1)

April 23 – one, Wheatley Harbour (found by J. Hatt and P. Pratt)

Common Raven (3)

January 1 – one, Windsor, general location (found by I. Woodfield, seen by Carl Maiolani)

October 15 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by S. Pike, seen by K. Burk, C. Chevalier, J. Hatt, M. McAllister)

October 15 – one, Hawk Tower, HBCA (unknown finder, m.obs.)

Boreal Chickadee (1) – first since 2005

December 27 to 2023, continuing – one, Memorial Forest, Amherstburg (found by C. Chevalier, M./S. McAllister, m.obs)

The final addition, marking 304 species, was this Boreal Chickadee – Photo: M. McAllister

Townsend’s Solitaire (1)

Oct 30 to 31 – one, Visitor’s Centre, PPNP (found by S. Pike, m.obs.)

Kirtland’s Warbler (1)

May 11 – one female, Lighthouse Point, Pelee Island (found by Jessica Common, m.obs.)

– This is the first year since 2014 that this species was not recorded at Point Pelee

Lark Sparrow (2)

April 24 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by Ezra Campanelli, Nathan Hood, K. Jasper)

May 4 – one, Blue Heron, PPNP (found by P. Pratt, m.obs.)

Henslow’s Sparrow (2)

April 12 – one adult, Serengeti Tree, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and S. Pike, seen by J. Bensette, K. Derbyshire)

May 9 – one adult, Lighthouse Point, Pelee Island (found by Nate Badger and Bill/Carol Link)

LeConte’s Sparrow (2)

October 8 – one juv., Point Pelee North Dyke, Leamington (found by J. Stasso/M. McAllister)

October 23 – one adult, West Beach Footpath, PPNP (found by J. Bensette and K. Derbyshire, m.obs.)

Nelson’s Sparrow (2)

October 10 to 11 – one adult (Interior), Point Pelee North Dyke, Leamington (found by C. Chevalier, m.obs.)

October 10 to 12 – one adult (Interior), Marsh Boardwalk, PPNP (found by Anil/Elias Joshi, seen by C. Chevalier and M. McAllister)

– This is the first record for Nelson’s Sparrow within the boundaries of PPNP since 2018.

Harris’s Sparrow (2) – first since 2018

April 29 to May 6 – one adult, HBCA (found by K. Renaud, m.obs.)

October 16 – one juv., HMCA (found by B. Mann, m.obs.)

Blue Grosbeak (3)

May 10 – one, Tip, PPNP (unknown finder, m.obs.)

May 15 – one, McCormick Road, Pelee Island (found by A. Buckley)

May 17 – one, Tip, PPNP (found by K. Jasper, seen by A. Wilcox)

Chihuahuan Meadowlark (1)

April 24 – one, Serengeti Tree, PPNP (found by M. McAllister and H. Priebe, seen by C. Chevalier)

– Pending review by Johanna Beam, who introduced this species to the present taxonomy.

Yellow-headed Blackbird (3)

January 2 – one adult male, Jack Miner Bird Sanctuary, Kingsville (found by J. Hatt, m.obs.)

April 20 – one adult male, Seacliff Drive, Leamington (found by J. Hatt, m.obs.)

November 30 – one adult male, Deer Run Road, Wheatley (found by Geordie Ray)

FULL CHECKLIST, INCLUDING ALL OTHER RECORDS, IN THE SHEET BELOW:

Essex County 2022 Checklist

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1vxitzhPJWL60zeRsgY_ykgGChkBDClNd5u7hHWuLE1M/edit?usp=sharing

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Habitat at Home

By |2023-03-05T19:03:19-05:00March 4th, 2023|The Egret Article|

By Laura Foy

Black-eyed Susans, Swamp Milkweed and Virginia Mountain Mint

We tend to take up a lot of space as North Americans. Canadians rank third in the world for average house size. It is estimated that lawns occupy a total area of more than 50 million acres across the continent. That’s an equivalent land area more than 25 times the size of Algonquin Park. Canada currently has protected 13% of our land and water area, with a pledged goal of 30% by 2030. However, most of that protected land exists outside of population centres.

The Carolinian Zone, the ecoregion in which we live, is home to a quarter of Canada’s human population and one third of its endangered and at-risk species. As much as 95% of the land is privately owned and only 2.5% is protected.

Our lawns are taking up valuable real estate and giving very little back. While we can never hope to fully replicate nature in our gardens, there are many ways that you can provide habitat at home and give back to nature some of the space we take up but rarely use.

What is habitat?

Habitat is made up of the physical resources that all living things need to survive and reproduce. In our gardens we can narrow this down to the following features:

  1. Food
  2. Water
  3. Shelter
  4. Places to raise young
  5. ‘Green’ gardening

1. Food

Your garden habitat will eventually become host to everything on the food chain, from predators down to detritivores and decomposers.

Nashville Warbler foraging on New England Aster

Fruit and berries

When choosing plants to add to your garden, consider fruit bearing trees and shrubs. These species serve a dual benefit by often being species which bloom early in the season and offer pollen and nectar resources when many other flowering plants haven’t bloomed yet.  

Pollen and nectar

It’s not an exaggeration to say that pollen and nectar fuel thousands of species in our gardens. In Ontario we have more than 400 species of native bees. When you factor in the flower-visiting wasps, flies, lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), beetles, and ants among others, it becomes clear what an important resource flowering plants are to wildlife. These creatures are active anywhere from April through to November. It’s not a coincidence that there are native plants that also bloom throughout this same time period.

Seeds and nuts

As the growing season wanes plants put their energy into their own reproduction in the form of seeds and nuts. These little high-energy packages are the perfect food for animals in the winter when not much else is available.

Other food resources

You may choose to offer supplemental food in your garden in the form of bird feeders. Be careful to follow good food and hygiene practices for bird feeders to prevent the spread of illness and disease.

Food availability in your garden can be as simple as leaving a log to decompose, leaving fallen leaves and letting your dried and dead plant stalks stand over the winter. You might find yourself surprised and delighted when a downy woodpecker shows up to peck a tasty morsel out of a hollow stem!

2. Water

Adding a water feature to your garden can be as simple as a solar powered fountain or a bird bath. A bubbling rock, pond or rain garden are other ways to provide water for wildlife. You’ll find more than birds coming to access a nice source of clean, fresh water to drink and bathe.

3. Shelter

Shelter can come in many forms but serves the same purpose to all creatures, protection from predators and the elements. Shrubs provide a good spot for birds to retreat if a cat or a raptor shows up. We often find birds roosting overnight in the vines that grow on the one side of our house.  Small stones and logs can offer shelter to smaller creatures. Dense plantings can provide a spot to keep out of the elements and provide a shady retreat from intense midday temperatures and a covered spot to forage on the ground.

4. Places to raise young

Trees and shrubs are frequently hosts to nest-building birds, but even a dead tree can be home to cavity nesting species such as woodpeckers or even screech owls.

You may find your garden being used as a nursery to an array of animals, from small mammals to birds, and more insects than you probably ever knew existed. Butterfly and moth species spend most of their lives as caterpillars feeding on specific species or groups of plants, known as host plants. If you want the most bang for your buck, oak species are considered one of a handful of keystone tree species, known to host more than 500 caterpillar species.

Another group to consider are the creatures that live and reproduce in the litter and ground layers of the garden. If you mulch every bare inch of soil and rake up every fallen leaf, you’re eliminating the nesting habitat of hundreds of species that help build your ecosystem. Many of our native bees and wasps are solitary ground nesters that require access to bare soil. These species do not build colonies and will not guard their nests aggressively, so it’s safe to invite them into your garden and share your space. You will also be providing the right conditions for fireflies to complete their lifecycles. Who doesn’t love fireflies?

5. Green gardening

Green gardening means adopting sustainable practices in your yard. Reducing your lawn to reduce the amount of gas-powered equipment usage. Installing drip irrigation instead of using traditional sprinklers. Composting your kitchen scraps and yard waste. But in my opinion the most important green step you can take for your habitat is moving away from pesticides and herbicides.

Much of creating habitat comes with a shift in the way you look at your plants. Gone will be the instinct to track down the creature chewing on your leaves so you can determine the best way to eliminate it. Instead, you’ll find yourself trying to track it down to see which new creature you’ve invited into your space. By creating a functional habitat, your aphid infestation will soon be followed by a wave of aphid predators. Your spiders will become cached food for pupating wasps. Your slugs and snails become prey to firefly larvae, reptiles and amphibians. Your mosquitos may be hunted by tree swallows, dragonflies and bats. Your caterpillars will become food for fledgling birds. It’s okay to have mixed feelings about that last one!

Densely planted native species

Resources

People to Follow

  • – Doug Tallamy
  • – Lorraine Johnson
  • – Heather Holm

Websites

Nurseries

  • Native Trees and Plants, Amherstburg
  • Heavenly Earth, Bothwell
  • Maajigiin Gumig, Aamjiwnaang First Nation (Sarnia area)
  • Golden Alexanders, Sarnia
  • Ontario Native Plants, online at www.onplants.ca

My Top Recommendations

If you’re just getting started and feel a bit overwhelmed by unfamiliar plants, here are some of my top recommendations of easy to find and easy to grow native species.

Trees

  1. Oaks (Quercus sp.)
  2. Willows (Salix sp.)
  3. Cherry (Prunus sp.)
  4. Maples (Acer sp.)
  5. Hickories (Carya sp.)

Shrubs

Bumblebee on Wild Bergamot
  1. New Jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus)
  2. Serviceberry (Amelanchier sp.)
  3. Dogwoods (Cornus sp.)
  4. Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
  5. Snowberry (Symphoricarpos albus)

Flowering plants (full sun)

  1. Prairie smoke (Geum triflorum)
  2. Virginia mountain mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum)
  3. Wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa)
  4. Milkweeds (Asclepias sp. especially butterfly and swamp)
  5. Joe-pye weed (Eutrochium maculatum)

Flowering plants (part sun to shade)

  1. Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum)
  2. Jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum)
  3. Canada anemone (Anemonastrum canadense)
  4. Wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
  5. Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Laura Foy’s garden in June
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